Bar Ofner
Twenty-plus years of connecting everything in our lives to the internet has brought us to a place where our ability to innovate and sustain our existence relies in some way on computer code.
Meanwhile, the emergence and prevalence of these cyber physical systems that have a direct touchpoint to the physical world is forcing a new paradigm of risk management decisions.
That’s the context under which we have revamped our biannual report. The State of XIoT Security report was created to help decision makers understand the threat and vulnerability landscape affecting not only the industrial sector but also healthcare and commercial.
Interestingly enough the data in the first half of 2022 report that we’re sharing today for the first time reflects this expansion into the Extended Internet of Things (XIoT). Among the 747 XIoT vulnerabilities (86 affected vendors) published in the 1H 2022, we’re seeing for the first time real movement in the number of published vulnerabilities around enterprise IoT and progress in updating firmware and providing remediations for these components deep within cyber physical systems.
Firmware updates traditionally lag behind software patching and mitigations, for example, but in this report we’re seeing updates for both almost on par with each other. This indicates that enterprise risk managers are looking at connected embedded systems that make up the XIoT, assessing the risk to the systems, and are making progress and patching and updating them.
We hope you find the State of XIoT Security report an important resource that you will share with security executives and the board, as well as with network analysts, engineers, asset owners and operators, and managers responsible for the security of enterprise IoT.
Let’s look at some key findings:
You can see that OT vulnerabilities still dominate Team82’s dataset for the 1H 2022, but it’s noteworthy that the percentage of IoT vulnerabilities has almost doubled since our last report, especially impacting connected smart devices, routers and other networking gear, and cameras—all of which if compromised may afford an attacker deeper access to the enterprise network.
Most of the published XIoT vulnerabilities in the 1H 2022 are either critical (19%) or high severity (46%). And of those severe bugs, many affect the availability of XIoT devices by enabling code execution or denial-of-service attacks.
With the rise in cyber-physical systems across industries, we’re starting to see the expected spikes in published firmware vulnerabilities in IoT devices, as well as the internet of medical things (IoMT), and operational technology devices at Levels 1 and 2 of the Purdue Model for ICS.
Below, you can see that for the 1H 2022, the number of published firmware vulnerabilities is almost on par with software vulnerabilities, a significant reversal from the 2H 2021 report when there was an almost 2-to-1 disparity between software and firmware vulnerabilities.
Meanwhile, vulnerabilities in connected IoT devices—largely firmware issues—trail only Operations Management and Basic Control devices. Vulnerabilities in these products, which include Historian and OPC servers, as well as field devices, for example, are predominantly software-based.
Team82’s 1H 2022 dataset indicates that vendors provided full or partial remediation for 91% of published vulnerabilities.
Breaking that down by software and firmware vulnerabilities, you can see the gains made in firmware fixes for the first half of the year compared to our last report.
When a software patch or firmware update isn’t immediately available, basic security practices should be adhered to in order to blunt the impact of vulnerabilities. Here are the top mitigation steps from Team82’s 1H 2022 dataset.
CWE-798 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS:
In Optigo Networks ONS NC600 versions 4.2.1-084 through 4.7.2-330, an attacker could connect with the device's ssh server and utilize the system's components to perform OS command executions.
Optigo Networks recommends users implement at least one of the following additional mitigations:
CVSS v3: 9.8
CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command:
A remote unauthenticated attacker who has bypassed authentication could execute arbitrary OS commands to disclose, tamper with, destroy or delete information in Mitsubishi Electric smartRTU, or cause a denial-of service condition on the product.
Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. recommends that users take note of the following mitigation measures to minimize the risk of exploiting this vulnerability:
CVSS v3: 9.8
CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function:
A remote unauthenticated attacker may be able to bypass authentication by utilizing a specific API route to execute arbitrary OS commands.
Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V. recommends that users take note of the following mitigation measures to minimize the risk of exploiting this vulnerability:
CVSS v3: 7.5
CWE-547 USE OF HARD-CODED, SECURITY-RELEVANT CONSTANTS:
Optigo Networks Visual BACnet Capture Tool and Optigo Visual Networks Capture Tool version 3.1.2rc11 are vulnerable to an attacker impersonating the web application service and mislead victim clients.
Optigo Networks recommends users to upgrade to the following:
CVSS v3: 7.5
CWE-288 AUTHENTICATION BYPASS USING AN ALTERNATE PATH OR CHANNEL:
Optigo Networks Visual BACnet Capture Tool and Optigo Visual Networks Capture Tool version 3.1.2rc11 contain an exposed web management service that could allow an attacker to bypass authentication measures and gain controls over utilities within the products.
Optigo Networks recommends users to upgrade to the following:
CVSS v3: 9.8
